# Comprehensive Guide to Canine & Feline Atopic Dermatitis & Allergies
Chronic pruritus, paw licking, and recurrent otitis externa are among the most distressing conditions affecting companion animals and their families. Effective management requires understanding the underlying pathophysiology: differentiating IgE-mediated cutaneous adverse food reactions (CAFR) from environmental atopic dermatitis (CAD).
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▶ 1. Food Allergy vs. Environmental Atopy
Food Allergies: 365-day non-seasonal symptoms primarily triggered by dietary glycoproteins (beef, dairy, chicken) rather than grains. Gold standard diagnosis requires an 8–12 week strict elimination diet with novel or hydrolyzed proteins (<3,000–5,000 Daltons).
Atopic Dermatitis: Genetic skin barrier defects causing transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and airborne allergen penetration, driving Th2 polarization, mast cell degranulation, and Interleukin-31 (IL-31) neuro-itch cascades.---
▶ 2. Targeted Therapeutics & Multi-Modal Care
Targeted Pharmacology: JAK-1 inhibitors (Oclacitinib / Apoquel) and caninized anti-IL-31 monoclonal antibodies (Lokivetmab / Cytopoint) provide rapid relief without the systemic side effects of chronic corticosteroids.
Skin Barrier Restoration: High-dose Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA+DHA 100-150mg/kg), topical phytosphingosine/ceramides, and antiseptic shampoos (chlorhexidine 2-4% with a strict 10-minute contact time) rebuild epidermal integrity.
